14.2 cm (base length) × 4.3 cm (base width) × 18.8 cm (height)
This precisely dated bronze crossbow from 228 serves as evidence of the advancement of long-range weaponry during the Three Kingdoms period. The engraved inscriptions also provide insight into the weapon production system of the time, making it of great historical value. The trigger mechanism is the key component of the crossbow, equivalent to the firing mechanism of modern firearms. This particular trigger mechanism has a shell which, when viewed from above, forms a 凸-shape. On the sides of the shell, two holes hold pivots that secure the internal components, preventing them from wearing against the wooden crossbow stock. This design allows the crossbow to withstand greater tension, significantly enhancing its range. Extending upward from the shell is a large sighting post with engraved markings, functioning similarly to a gun’s sight. Below the shell extends a suspended blade, which serves as the trigger. This three-tiered stepped trigger has a reinforced front end to improve its strength and durability.
The engraved inscription on the shell surface reads: “December 1, second year of Taihe (228). Manufactured by the Left Shangfang: Yang-style infantry crossbow. Supervising official: Jiong Jun; Sima: Yang Shi; Trigger mechanism craftsman: Shi Suo; and Limb craftsman: Jiang Zi.” According to this inscription, the crossbow trigger mechanism was classified under the infantry crossbow category and was produced in 228 under the reign of Emperor Ming of Wei during the Three Kingdoms period. The inscription also highlighted the specialized production system of the time. The Left Shangfang was the primary manufacturing institution, with a supervising official overseeing the production. The work was further divided into limb a craftsman responsible for making the crossbow limbs and a trigger mechanism craftsman who specialized in fabricating the trigger components. Additionally, various repeated numbers and symbols were inscribed on different parts of the trigger mechanism, likely indicating specific production processes or assembly instructions. Among known Three Kingdoms-era crossbow triggers from Cao Wei, other inscriptions have included reign titles such as Huangchu (220–226), Zhengshi (240–249), and Jingchu (237–239). However, this particular trigger mechanism is the only known example to bear the Taihe era inscription to date.